Technical Background
Rēplenish provides only those minor and trace elements found
by oceanographers to exhibit non-conservative behavior in
seawater (meaning that they are depleted by biological and
chemical reactions taking place within the photic zone) and that
are safe for human handling. Elements are present in natural
seawater ratios (i.e. the ratios in which they are present in
seawater). Since they are not depleted by biological nor
chemical interactions, no minor or trace elements that are not
expressly needed by aquatic organisms are present in this
product; this includes unnecessary elements such as lithium,
rubidium, and molybdenum.
Of the detectable elements in seawater, 11 are minor elements
and 52 are trace elements. Between the two groups, at least 13
elements appear to be expressly-required for the growth of
primary producers such as algae, and an additional 18 are either
incorporated into living tissue/skeletal material or undergo
chemical interactions that cause their depletion in surface
waters. These elements are important to a number of enzymatic
and vitamin-synthesis reactions for plants and animals alike;
additionally, they influence pigmentation, and therefore
coloration, of various organisms. Iron is utilized in the
production of chloroplasts; it is very important to
photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton, micro- and
macroalgae, coralline algae, and zooxanthellae. Although iodine
is a minor element, it is taken up by algae and aquatic plants
more rapidly than other minor elements, and is not included in
this product, but rather in separate supplements.
All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made
with purified water and high purity materials. We develop
formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation
and measurement rather than theory.Instructions and Guidelines
Basic: Shake product well before using. Add ˝ ml (~10
drops) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every
other day. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500
US-gallons (9,464 L).
Advanced: With the exceptions of iodine and iron, there
are no hobbyist-grade test kits that provide reliable
measurements of the concentrations of many minor and trace
elements present in marine aquaria. It's therefore not possible
to chemically determine exactly how much of a trace and minor
element supplement to dose; rather, you must rely on the
appearance of the livestock to make that determination. We
encourage new users of this product to dose 1 ml per 10
US-gallons weekly for the first four weeks of use; this
corresponds to dosing 0.14 ml (~3 drops) per 10 US-gallons each
day. Then, gradually increase the weekly dosage to 2 ml per 10
US-gallons over the following four weeks and maintain this
dosage. Starting at a low dosage will not cause any harm to the
livestock, and will enable you to notice subtle changes in the
appearance of the system that indicate the effectiveness and
need for the product. Daily dosing maintains more stable
concentrations (and a more natural environment) than dosing
weekly, in which the concentration of elements spikes just after
dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the
week. Though trace elements are essential in reef and fish-only
aquaria, the gross overdosing of a trace element supplement can
be harmful to aquarium inhabitants. Minor and trace elements are
made unavailable in marine aquaria largely by adsorption to
particulate organic matter (POM); therefore, it is recommended
that protein skimming and other means of POM removal from the
aquarium be in operation at all times.
Caution: Keep out of reach of children.
Not for human consumption.
Guaranteed Analysis
Zinc (min) 0.061 mg/oz.; Iron (min) 0.0063 mg/oz.; Manganese
0.00344 mg/oz.; (min) Cobalt (min) 0.000344 mg/oz.
Ingredients
Purified water, Barium chloride, Sodium metavanadate, Zinc
sulfate, Nickel chloride, Chromium chloride, Sodium feredetate,
Manganese chloride, Hafnium chloride, Cobalt chloride, Lanthanum
chloride, Neodymium chloride, Cerium chloride, Silver chloride,
Dysprosium chloride, Gadolinium chloride, Ytterbium chloride,
Erbium chloride, Scandium chloride, Samarium chloride,
Praseodymium chloride, Holmium chloride, Lutetium chloride,
Terbium chloride, Europium chloride, Thulium chloride |
